How can observing others' failures impact one's self-efficacy?

Observing others' failures can indeed impact an individual's self-efficacy significantly. When witnessing those around them fail, individuals may begin to evaluate their own abilities and self-worth. This process can lead to a negative self-assessment, reinforcing doubts about their own effectiveness and capabilities. This undermining of personal self-judgment occurs because individuals might interpret others' failures as indicative of potential similar outcomes for themselves. This is particularly true if the observer relates closely to the individual who failed or if they perceive the context of failure as relevant to their own pursuits. As a result, their overall belief in their ability to succeed can diminish.

In contrast, while observing failures can lead to greater effort and a willingness to take risks, these outcomes depend heavily on the context and the individual's mindset. Some might feel inspired to try harder after seeing someone else fail, believing that they can succeed despite challenges. Others may reinforce existing beliefs about their capabilities, especially if they identify with the failure. However, the primary impact of observing others' failures often links to undermining one's self-perception, making it a critical area of focus in self-efficacy discussions.